Hawking radiation as tunnelling from arbitrarily dimensional Reissner–Nordström de Sitter black hole

Abstract

This paper extends Parikh–Wilzcek's recent work, which treats the Hawking radiation as a semi-classical tunnelling process from the event horizon of four dimensional Schwarzshild and Reissner–Nordström black holes, to that of arbitrarily dimensional Reissner–Nordström de Sitter black hole. The result shows that the tunnelling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein–Hawking entropy and the factually radiant spectrum is no longer precisely thermal after taking the dynamical black hole background and energy conservation into account, but is consistent with the underlying unitary theory and then satisfies the first law of the black hole thermodynamics. Meanwhile, in Parikh–Wilzcek's framework, this paper points out that the information conservation is only suitable for the reversible process but in highly unstable evaporating black hole (irreversible process) the information loss is possible.