Fluoroscopic Organ and Tissue-Specific Radiation Exposure by Sex and Body Mass Index During Ureteroscopy

Abstract

Contralateral doses were lower for all organs except the gonad when the BMI was <30. In contrast, when the BMI was >30, there was no difference in radiation dose delivered to the ipsilateral and contralateral organs. Gonadal doses were significantly higher in female cadavers. Modern-era fluoroscopy remains a significant source of radiation exposure and steps should be taken to minimize exposure during ureteroscopy.