Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · 1988 · 252 citations · 15 references
MedicineNeurologyRehabilitation MedicineDysphagiaNeuromuscular DisordersPain ManagementBotulinum Toxin TherapyBotulinum Toxin TreatmentDysphagia AssessmentDysphagia ManagementOropharyngeal DysphagiaTorticollis ManagementBotulinum NeurotoxinBotulinum Toxin DosageBotulinum ToxinsCervical MusclesClinical Pain AssessmentLaryngeal Botulinum Toxin TherapyNeurotoxin InjectionsTotal Dose
Ten patients with spasmodic torticollis were treated by injection of a total dose of 30 ng of botulinum toxin type A into the affected sternomastoid and posterior cervical muscles. Nine patients reported improvement in head position and control, which was confirmed in seven cases by clinical assessment and "blind" videotape ratings before and 6 weeks after injection. Five patients who had pain reported relief. Seven patients had mild transient dysphagia after injection; two who were given a more concentrated solution of the toxin developed more severe dysphagia, but this also recovered. Other minor transient side effects included weakness of the voice and local pain. The beneficial effects of botulinum toxin injections lasted some 2 to 3 months. A slight reduction in the total dose of toxin injected avoided the main side effects, and this method of treatment appears to offer successful control of head position and pain in the majority of patients with torticollis.
15
DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY OF BOTULINUM TOXIN IN SPASMODIC TORTICOLLIS
JosephK.C Tsui, A. Jon Stoessl, Andrew Eisen et al. · The Lancet · 1986 · 810 citations
Botulinum A toxin for cranial‐cervical dystonia
Joseph Jankovic, Janet Orman · Neurology · 1987 · 552 citations
Botulinum toxin injection of eye muscles to correct strabismus.
Botulinum Toxin: Mechanism of Presynaptic Blockade
Ing Kao, Daniel B. Drachman, Donald L. Price · Science · 1976 · 271 citations