Targeting and Readout Strategies for Fast Optical Neural Control<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i>

Viviana Gradinaru, Kimberly R. Thompson, Feng Zhang, Murtaza Mogri, Kenneth Kay, M. Bret Schneider, Karl Deisseroth

Journal of Neuroscience · 2007 · 478 citations · 57 references

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Abstract

### Introduction Major obstacles faced by neuroscientists in attempting to unravel the complexity of brain function include both the heterogeneity of brain tissue (with a multitude of cell types present in vivo ) and the high speed of brain information processing (with behaviorally relevant

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