On the nature of pictorial encoding: A levels-of-processing analysis.

Levels of processing: A framework for memory research

Fergus I. M. Craik, Robert S. Lockhart · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · 1972 · 9.5K citations

Social Sciences, Psychology, Cognitive Psychology +12

Category norms of verbal items in 56 categories A replication and extension of the Connecticut category norms.

William F. Battig, William E. Montague · Journal of Experimental Psychology · 1969 · 2.6K citations

Social Sciences, Psychology, Social Psychology +4

Mental imagery in associative learning and memory.

Allan Paivio · Psychological Review · 1969 · 1.4K citations

Social Sciences, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +14

Concrete image and verbal memory codes.

Allan Paivio, Kal Csapo · Journal of Experimental Psychology · 1969 · 342 citations

Social Sciences, Psychology, Cognitive Psychology +16

Imagery in recall and recognition.

Allan Paivio · 1976 · 71 citations

Social Sciences, Psychology, Cognitive Psychology +8