Large-Scale, Noncurling, and Free-Standing Crystallized TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Abstract

Large-area noncurling crystallized free-standing TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays have been fabricated by a two-step anodization process. These free-standing crystallized TNT arrays can be easily transferred to fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates without any crack. Furthermore, the investigation of these crystallized free-standing TNT arrays in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was carried out and showed a roughly 100% enhanced conversion efficiency compared with that of the TNT array on a Ti substrate.