Journal of Climate · 1988 · 776 citations · 3 references
Natural SciencesEarth SciencesOceanographyClimatologyMarine MeteorologyPhysical OceanographyMarine ClimatologySea Surface TemperatureSurface Temperature RetrievalBiasesIn Situ Sea Surface Temperature ObservationsSatellite Data IntegrationSea Surface Temperature Bias CorrectionSea Surface Temperature MeasurementSea Surface Temperature MonitoringSea Surface Temperature Remote SensingSea Surface Temperature Retrieval
The study presents a global monthly sea surface temperature analysis that combines real‑time in situ and satellite data. The method merges in situ and satellite observations, using quality‑controlled buoy data to compute error statistics over 1985–1986, thereby improving coverage and accuracy. The technique reduces bias differences, achieving an average RMS monthly error of 0.78 °C and a mean monthly bias of 0.09 °C.
A global monthly sea surface temperature analysis is described which uses real-lime in situ (ship and buoy) and satellite data. The method combines the advantages of both types of data: the ground truth of in situ data and the improved coverage of satellite data. The technique also effectively eliminates most of the bias differences between the in situ and satellite data. Examples of the method are shown to illustrate these points. Sea surface temperature (SST) data from quality-controlled drifting buoys are used to develop error statistics for a 24-month period from January 1985 through December 1986. The average rms monthly error is 0.78°C; the modulus of the monthly blasts (i.e., the average of the absolute value of the monthly biases) is 0.09°C.
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AN OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS SYSTEM
George P. Cressman · Monthly Weather Review · 1959 · 1.8K citations