Association between Hepatitis B Virus and Essential Mixed Cryoglobulinemia

TLDR

The study examined hepatitis B virus infection in 30 patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia by testing 25 serum samples and 19 cryoprecipitates for HBsAg and antibodies. HBsAg was detected in 3 of 25 sera and 6 of 19 cryoprecipitates, while antibodies were found in 12 sera and 11 cryoprecipitates, with 74 % of cryoprecipitates positive for HBV markers; electron microscopy revealed HBV‑like particles, suggesting HBV contributes to the disease. N Engl J Med 296:1501–1504 (1977).

Abstract

In view of a high frequency of liver involvement in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, we looked for evidence for hepatitis B virus infection in 25 serum specimens and 19 cryoprecipitates obtained from 30 patients. Three of the 25 serum specimens contained HBs Ag, and 12 had antibody. The frequency of positive results was increased to six and 11 of 19 respectively when cryoprecipitates were examined, and 14 of 19 (74 per cent) of the cryoprecipitates were positive for either HBs Ag or its antibody. Electron microscopy of four cryoprecipitates showed structures resembling the 20-nm and 27-nm spheres, tubules, as well as the Dane particles characteristic of hepatitis B virus infection. Since such infection appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of the syndrome, the term "essential mixed cryoglobulinemia" should be replaced by "mixed cryoglobulinemia secondary to hepatitis B virus" or perhaps to other viral infections. (N Engl J Med 296:1501–1504, 1977)