The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · 1999 · 20 citations · 6 references
EngineeringBehavioral SciencesNeuroscienceAffective NeuroscienceMotor ControlPsychophysiologyNeural StimulationNeurostimulationAntidepressant EfficacyElectrical Stimulation ParametersElectroconvulsive Therapy For DepressionHigh-frequency StimulationMagnetic Field IntensityStimulation ParametersTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation
To assess the similarity of the behavioural effects of the rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to those produced by other antidepressant treatments, in particular to repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS), we carried out experiments on Wistar rats. The effects of a standard ECS procedure (9 daily treatments; the current parameters: 150 mA, 50 Hz, 0.5 s) were compared with 18 d treatment with rTMS of the same field intensity of 1.6 T but with different stimulation frequency (20 or 30 Hz) and a different number of sessions (9 or 18). Twenty-four hours after the last treatment the forced swimming test was carried out and the immobility time was recorded. The standard ECT reduced the immobility by 50%, the intensive rTMS (90 or 104 K impulses for the whole period of treatment) caused a significant effect, although smaller than that induced by ECT (reduction by 20-30%). The stimulation at 20 Hz required 18 treatment sessions to produce a significant effect, while only 9 sessions with stimulation at 30 Hz were sufficient to produce a comparable result. This suggests that the effectiveness of rTMS may be augmented by increasing the number or frequency of rTMS impulses.
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Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression
Mark S. George, Eric M. Wassermann, Wendol Williams et al. · Neuroreport · 1995 · 964 citations
Medicine, Neuroscience, Psychiatry +14
Mark S. George, Eric M. Wassermann, Tim A. Kimbrell et al. · American Journal of Psychiatry · 1997 · 579 citations