Self-punitive behavior: Masochism or confusion?

On the dual nature of learning—a re-interpretation of "conditioning" and "problem-solving."

O. Hobart Mowrer · Harvard Educational Review · 1947 · 979 citations

Public Health, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +8

Self-punitive behavior in the rat: Facilitative effects of punishment on resistance to extinction.

Judson S. Brown, R. Chris Martin, Mitchell W. Morrow · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · 1964 · 103 citations

Public Health, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +12

Escape learning and "vicious-circle" behavior as a function of percentage of reinforcement.

Kennth B. Melvin · Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology · 1964 · 26 citations

Social Sciences, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +12

On desire, aversion, and the affective zero.

Francis W. Irwin · Psychological Review · 1961 · 26 citations

Social Sciences, Behavioral Sciences, Psychology +8