British Journal of Clinical Psychology · 2001 · 821 citations · 0 references
Social SciencesPsychiatryPsychologyClinical PsychologyPsychiatric AssessmentPsychometricsAnxiety AssessmentAnxiety DisordersDepression AssessmentMental HealthPsychological AssessmentPsychological TestingClinical PsychometricsNormative Data CollectionNormative Data EstablishmentNormative Health DataPatient Demographic VariablesPsychiatric Rating ScalesRaw ScoresSelf-report Anxiety Questionnaires
OBJECTIVES: To provide normative data for the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). DESIGN: Repeated measures and correlational. METHODS: The HADS was administered to a non-clinical sample, broadly representative of the general adult UK population (N = 1792) in terms of the distributions of age, gender and occupational status. Correlational analysis was used to determine the influence of demographic variables on HADS scores. RESULTS: Demographic variables had only very modest influences on HADS scores. The reliability of the HADS is acceptable; the Anxiety and Depression scales are moderately correlated (.53). Tables to convert raw scores to percentiles are presented for females and males. CONCLUSIONS: The present normative data allow clinicians to assess the rarity of a given HADS score, and thus provide a useful supplement to existing cut-off scores.