A Literature Analysis of the WAG Injectivity Abnormalities in the CO2 Process

Abstract

Summary This paper summarizes the hypotheses and theories relating to the causes and expectations of injectivity behavior in various CO2 and gasflooded reservoirs. The intent of the paper is to: Provide a concise compendium to the current understanding of the water-alternating-gas (WAG) mechanism and predictability. Provide a comprehensive single-source review of the causes and conditions of injectivity abnormalities in CO2/gasflood EOR projects. Aid in formulating the direction of research. Help operators develop operational and design strategies for current and future projects, as well as to input parameters for simulating current and future projects.