Cluster variation approach to the Ising square lattice with two- and four-spin interactions

Abstract

The phase diagram of the Ising square ferromagnet with nearest-neighbor, next-nearest-neighbor, and four-spin (plaquette) interactions is investigated using the cluster variation method in the square approximation. A complete analysis in temperature is performed for the ferromagnetic, superantiferromagnetic, and frustrated region of the ground state. Particular attention is devoted to the role of the four-spin interaction. The most remarkable effect is the occurrence, in several regions of the interaction parameter space, of first-order transitions and sometimes reentrance phenomena. Critical and tricritical points are almost analytically determined.