The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · 1987 · 31 citations · 0 references
Social SciencesBehavioral SciencesPsychologyIndividual DifferencesPersonality PsychologySelfPersonality AssessmentPersonality TraitsSpiritualityTrait TheoryObserver Ratings Of PersonalityOut-of-body ExperienceSelf-report MeasurementSelf-report Measures Of PersonalitySelf-report QuestionnairesSelf-report Scales
Relationships between the out-of-body experience and personality adjustment were studied. A total of 445 college students, including 65 reporting out-of-body experiences, completed self-report measures of death orientation, defensive style, narcissism, paranormal beliefs, self-concept, and social desirability. No significant differences were found between respondents reporting out-of-body experiences and nonreporters on any of the instruments, except for the Paranormal Belief Scale. Reporters of out-of-body experiences showed significantly greater belief in precognition, psi, spiritualism, and witchcraft than did nonreporters. Findings indicate considerable similarity between reporters and nonreporters in personality adjustment. It is clear that, on these personality adjustment measures, the out-of-body experience was associated with neither less effective nor more effective adjustment.