Tokyo Journal of Mathematics · 2003 · 10 citations · 11 references
Natural SciencesMathematicsGeometryTopologyGeometric TopologyGraph TheoryIncompressible FlowKnot TheoryLow-dimensional GeometryLow-dimensional TopologyIncompressible Boundary Layers
Applying Jaco's Handle Addition Lemma, we give a condition for a $3$-manifold to have an incompressible boundary. As an application, we show that the boundary of the exterior of a minimally knotted planar graph is incompressible.
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An algorithm to decide if a 3-manifold is a Haken manifold
William Jaco, Ulrich Oertel · Topology · 1984 · 152 citations