A New Type of Bismuth Electrode for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis Based on the Ammonium Tetrafluorobismuthate Bulk‐Modified Carbon Paste

Abstract

Abstract A carbon paste electrode bulk‐modified with ammonium tetrafluorobismuthate (BiF 4 ‐CPE) was developed and examined in the anodic stripping voltammetric mode for measurement of selected trace heavy metals. The BiF 4 ‐CPE has revealed a favorable performance in more acidic solutions (pH 0.5–2.5) in the presence of dissolved oxygen for Cd(II) and Pb(II) as model metal ions at the low μg L −1 concentration level. In comparison with the bismuth‐oxide bulk‐modified carbon paste electrode and the other two bismuth film‐plated carbonaceous substrate electrodes examined, the BiF 4 ‐CPE proved to be another attractive variant of the environmentally friendly bismuth‐based electrodes, particularly convenient for analysis of acidified water samples.