Orally Active, Water-Soluble Antimalarial 3-Aryltrioxanes: Short Synthesis and Preclinical Efficacy Testing in Rodents

Abstract

Short chemical syntheses of four new antimalarial trioxanes are presented, starting with inexpensive and commercially available cyclohexanone. Almost exclusive formation of the trioxane 12alpha-stereoisomers simplifies product purification. Carboxyphenyltrioxanes 3 and 5 are thermally stable in air even at 60 degrees C for 24 h. When administered orally, these new carboxyphenyltrioxanes are highly efficacious in curing malaria-infected mice. Important for their practical in vivo administration, these new synthetic antimalarial trioxanes 3 and 5 are 14-20 times more soluble in water at pH 7.4 than is artelinic acid (1), a leading semisynthetic, herb-derived antimalarial trioxane drug candidate.