Peri‐implant disease in subjects with and without preventive maintenance: a 5‐year follow‐up

TLDR

The study aimed to determine the 5‑year incidence of peri‑implantitis among patients with peri‑implant mucositis. A cohort of 212 partially edentulous implant patients was followed from baseline in 2005; 80 with mucositis were re‑examined after five years, split into maintenance and non‑maintenance groups, and clinical parameters (plaque, bleeding, probing depth, suppuration, bone loss) and risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression. Peri‑implantitis occurred in 31.2% of the cohort, with 43.9% in the non‑maintenance group versus 18.0% in the maintenance group, and higher bleeding on probing, probing depth, and periodontitis were linked to increased risk.

Abstract

Abstract Aim To determine the incidence of peri‐implantitis in individuals with mucositis in a 5‐year follow‐up study. Material and Methods A sample of 212 partially edentulous individuals, rehabilitated with dental implants, underwent periodontal and peri‐implant clinical examinations in 2005 (baseline). Five years later, 80 individuals who had been diagnosed with mucositis in the baseline examination were re‐examined. These individuals were divided into two groups: one group with preventive maintenance during the study period ( GTP ; n = 39), and another group without preventive maintenance ( GNTP ; n = 41). The following parameters were clinically evaluated: plaque index, bleeding on periodontal and peri‐implant probing, periodontal and peri‐implant probing depth, suppuration and peri‐implant bone loss. The influence of biological and behavioural risk variables associated with the occurrence of peri‐implantitis was analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results The incidence of peri‐implantitis in the global sample was 31.2% (GNTP = 43.9% and GTP = 18.0%). Conclusion The absence of preventive maintenance in individuals with pre‐existing peri‐implant mucositis was associated with a high incidence of peri‐implantitis. Clinical parameters, such as bleeding on peri‐implant probing, periodontal probing depth and the presence of periodontitis were associated with a higher risk of developing peri‐implantitis.