Journal of The Electrochemical Society · 2001 · 275 citations · 11 references
Natural SciencesChemistryMaterials ScienceElectrochemistryEnergy MaterialsInorganic ChemistryBattery MaterialsElectrochemical CellsElectrochemical Energy StorageElectrolyte MaterialsElectrolyte SolutionsEnergy Storage MaterialsAqueous Electrolyte SolutionsDeposition ProcessesElectrolyte EngineeringMagnesium Intercalation CompoundsMagnesium-ion BatteriesMagnesium-ion CathodesRechargeable BatteriesThermodynamics Of Electrolyte Solutions
Magnesium can be reversibly deposited from ethereal solutions of Grignard salts of the RMgX type <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML1" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>R</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">alkyl</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:math> aryl groups, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML2" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>X</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">halides</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> </mml:math> Cl, Br), and complexes of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML3" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mg</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>AX</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>R</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>R</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>″</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> type <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML4" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>A</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:math> B; <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML5" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>X</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cl</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:math> Br; R, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML6" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mo>R</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">alkyl</mml:mi> </mml:math> or aryl groups, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML7" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>″</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:math> These complexes can be considered as interaction products between <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML8" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>R</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mg</mml:mi> </mml:math> bases and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML9" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>AX</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>R</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> Lewis acids. The use of such complexes in ether solvents enables us to obtain solutions of reasonable ionic conductivity and high anodic stability, which can be suitable for rechargeable Mg battery systems. In this paper we report on the study of variety of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML10" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mg</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>AX</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>R</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> complexes, where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" id="ML11" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>A</mml:m
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Prototype systems for rechargeable magnesium batteries
Doron Aurbach, Zhengze Lu, Alex Schechter et al. · Nature · 2000 · 2.3K citations