Dose/dense metronomic chemotherapy with fractioned cisplatin and oral daily etoposide enhances the anti-angiogenic effects of bevacizumab in advanced non-small-cell-lung cancer patients

Abstract

BACKGROUND: We designed a translational clinical trial to investigate whether a dose/dense chemotherapy regimen is able to enhance in patients with non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) the anti-angiogenic effects of bevacizumab, a murine/human monoclonal antibody to the vasculo-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF). We also evaluated the antitumor activity of this combination. RESULTS: The combined treatment induced a significant decline in the blood-perfusion of primary tumor (NMR-study); in serum levels of VEGF, angiopoietin-1, thrombospondin-1; and in the number of VEGF-transporting cells. In the group of 40 patients who received bevacizumab an objective response and a disease stabilization rate of 77.5% (95% CI, 75.63-93.17) and 15%, respectively, were recorded with a time to progression of 7.6 mo. Grade I-II hematological toxicity was the most common adverse event. Four early deaths within 3 mo, three cases of pneumonia, and six cases of mood depression at higher bevacizumab dosage were observed. The most active biological and maximum tolerated dose were 5 and 7.5 mg/kg, respectively. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients (42 males and six females) with stage III B/IV NSCLC, a mean age of 68 y, and ECOG <or=2 were enrolled in the study. They received every 3 w fractioned cisplatinum (30 mg/sqm, days 1-3) and oral etoposide (50 mg, days 1-15) and were divided in five cohorts receiving different bevacizumab dosages (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 10 mg/kg) on day 3. CONCLUSION: The combination of bevacizumab with a dose/dense chemotherapy regimen resulted moderately safe but showed significant anti-angiogenic and antitumor activity.