Neurodevelopmental Functioning in HIV-Infected Infants and Young Children Before and After the Introduction of Protease Inhibitor–Based Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Abstract

The suppression of systemic viral replication and subsequent substantial improvements in survival and immunologic status brought about by highly active antiretroviral therapy have been followed by limited improvements in neurodevelopmental functioning in young children. Additional longitudinal research is needed to better understand the role of antiretroviral therapy as well as the impact of genetic and environmental factors on neurodevelopmental functioning in children affected by HIV.