Pharmacology of Ketamine Isomers in Surgical Patients

Abstract

To assess the intraoperative and postoperative effects of the optical isomers of ketamine. compared with the racemic mixture as sole anesthetics, equianesthetic doses of racemic ketamine (RK), 2 mg/kg, (+)ketamine (PK), 1 mg/kg, and (−)ketamine (MK), 3 mg/kg, were administered intravenously in a ran