SOIL REDISTRIBUTION ON THREE CULTIVATED NEW BRUNSWICK HILLSLOPES CALCULATED FROM ¹³⁷Cs MEASUREMENTS, SOLUM DATA AND THE USLE

Abstract

137 Cs, solum data and the USLE were used to estimate soil erosion on three medium-textured soils in New Brunswick that had been in nearly continuous potato monoculture over the past 15 yr. Sampling transects were located on slopes ranging from 425 to 1040 m long, and from 4.8 to 6.0% slope. Ten equally spaced sites were sampled on each transect. The 137 Cs data were used to divide the sampling sites into four groups: deposition, little erosion or deposition, moderately eroded and severely eroded areas. The four groups generally agreed well with soil profile properties. Solum, A horizon thickness and organic carbon content of the A horizon all decreased going from depositional sites to sites with severe erosion. Variations in A horizon thickness and organic carbon content explained about 65% of the variation in 137 Cs. Soil losses predicted by the USLE were better correlated with soil losses calculated from 137 Cs when the 137 Cs data were used to delineate slope segments that were subject to erosion than when 137 Cs and USLE soil losses were calculated on a field basis. The USLE overestimated soil losses at high erosion rates. Key words: Erosion, deposition, 137 Cs, USLE, soil profile