The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is widely activated without <i>PTEN</i> deletion in renal cell carcinoma metastases

Abstract

Activation of various components of the mTOR signaling pathway in metastatic RCC lesions across various tumor histologies, nuclear grades, and metastatic sites suggests the potential for vertical blockade of multiple steps of this pathway. Patient selection may be improved by mTOR immunostaining of primary RCC.