Tear-Duct Fibrosis (Dacryostenosis) Due to 5-Fluorouracil

Abstract

This contribution deals with the application of computational homogenization techniques for structural masonry computations, as an alternative to the formulation of complex closed-form macroscopic constitutive laws. The complexity of modeling masonry material stems from the anisotropy evolution and localization induced by mesostructural damage. This phenomenon appears with preferential damage orientations, which are intimately related to the initial periodic structure of the material. The upscaling procedure used here relies on the formulation of mesoscopic constitutive laws at the level of the individual brick and mortar materials. A mesostructural unit cell with its corresponding periodicity requirements is used to deduce the average response of the masonry material through a scale transition. At the macroscopic scale, this averaged material response is used in the frame of an enhanced continuum approach with embedded localization bands, the widths of which are directly deduced from the initial periodicity of the material. The results obtained by the framework are illustrated and discussed by means of a structural computation example, which involves a complex cracking evolution together with fully anisotropic damage development