Journal of Social Issues · 1972 · 1.9K citations · 31 references
Social SciencesGender StudiesSocial PsychologyGenderMasculinity StudiesWomen's HealthGender DifferencesGender IdentityGender NormsGender RolesGender StereotypesSex Differences In HealthGender Role StereotypingGender-related Self-conceptGender-role Self-conceptIdeal Family SizeMasculinity StereotypesSex Role StereotypesSex Role StereotypingSex-role Theory
Consensus about the differing characteristics of men and women exists across groups differing in sex, age, marital status, and education. Masculine characteristics are positively valued more often than feminine characteristics. Positively‐valued masculine traits form a cluster entailing competence; positively‐valued feminine traits reflect warmth‐expressiveness. Sex‐role definitions are incorporated into the self‐concepts of both men and women; moreover, these sex‐role differences are considered desirable by college students and healthy by mental health professionals. Individual differences in sex related self‐concepts are related to sex‐role relevant behaviors such as achieved and ideal family size. Sex‐role perceptions also vary as a function of maternal employment.
31
Melvin Seeman, Robert R. Sears, Eleanor E. Maccoby et al. · American Sociological Review · 1957 · 1.5K citations
Population Policy: Will Current Programs Succeed?
Kingsley Davis · Science · 1967 · 346 citations