Anti-phospholipid antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis and MS-like illnesses: MS or APS?

Abstract

A substantial number of aPL-positive patients have a concurrent diagnosis of MS or MSL, frequently presenting with elevated IgM aCL, optic neuritis, and transverse myelitis. The anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) should be strongly considered as an alternative diagnosis to MS in these patients.