Mating system variation among individual ramets in a Douglas-fir seed orchard

Abstract

Proportions of outcrossed progeny (t i ) in five ramets of five clones with variable floral phenology and pollen production were investigated in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seed orchard. Estimates of t i [Formula: see text] were significantly heterogeneous among the five ramets, ranging in value from 0.50 to 1.07. Variation in [Formula: see text] corresponded well with variation among ramets in floral biology. Ramets that flowered much earlier than other individuals in the orchard and (or) had a high degree of synchrony in timing of male and female flowering produced the lowest [Formula: see text].