An Investigation of Critical Factors and Constraints for Selecting Modular Construction over Conventional Stick-Built Technique

TLDR

Advances in manufacturing, technology, and delivery systems have accelerated the adoption of prefabrication and modular construction, yet choosing a method remains complex due to numerous site, labor, transport, regulatory, schedule, budget, sustainability, and design factors. This study aims to pinpoint the most critical factors and constraints that decision‑makers should consider when selecting modular construction over conventional stick‑built techniques for commercial buildings. Using a mixed‑methods design, the authors reviewed literature and interviewed six professionals to identify 97 factors and 43 constraints, surveyed stakeholders for quantitative ratings, and then validated and narrowed these to 12 key factors and six major constraints with a focus group of five experts. The resulting framework is intended to assist the AEC industry in making informed decisions about the appropriate construction method.

Abstract

Recent advances in manufacturing methods, construction equipment, information technology tools, and project delivery systems have resulted in increased use of prefabrication and modularization. This research study identifies critical factors and constraints that can help designers, engineers, and constructors in selecting modular construction over the conventional "stick-built" technique for commercial building projects. The decision-making process of selecting one construction method over another is complex and based on a number of factors, some of which are site conditions, skilled labor availability, transportation conditions, organizational readiness, local codes, project schedule and budget, sustainability requirements, and design complexity. The aim of this study is to identify the most critical factors and constraints that must be considered by the decision-makers for selecting modular or stick-built construction. The study employed a mixed methods research design and was divided into three phases. In the first phase, through an in-depth literature review and interviews with six industry professionals, ninety seven decision-making factors and forty three constraints were identified. In the following phase, a questionnaire survey was conducted to determine their quantitative ratings and rakings. In the final phase, with the help of a focus group of five modular construction experts, twelve critical decision-making factors and six major constraints were shortlisted and validated. It is hoped that the findings will help the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry in making informed decisions about the appropriate construction method selection.