A cubic-millimeter energy-autonomous wireless intraocular pressure monitor

Abstract

Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness, affecting 67 million people worldwide. The disease damages the optic nerve due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and can cause complete vision loss if untreated. IOP is commonly assessed using a single tonometric measurement, which provides a limited view since IOP fluctuates with circadian rhythms and physical activity. Continuous measurement can be achieved with an implanted monitor to improve treatment regiments, assess patient compliance to medication schedules, and prevent unnecessary vision loss. The most suitable implantation location is the anterior chamber of the eye, which is surgically accessible and out of the field of vision. The desired IOP monitor (IOPM) volume is limited to 1.5mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (0.5x1.5x2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) by the size of a self-healing incision, curvature of the cornea, and dilation of the pupil.