New metaheuristic approaches for the edge-weighted k-cardinality tree problem

Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents

Marco Dorigo, Vittorio Maniezzo, A. Colorni · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics) · 1996 · 11.8K citations

Mathematical Programming, Positive Feedback, Engineering +18

Ant colony system: a cooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem

Marco Dorigo, Luca Maria Gambardella · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation · 1997 · 7.9K citations

Artificial Intelligence, Cooperative Learning Approach, Engineering +19

Future paths for integer programming and links to artificial intelligence

Fred Glover · Computers & Operations Research · 1986 · 4K citations

Mathematical Programming, Artificial Intelligence, Engineering +11

Optimization, Learning and Natural Algorithms

Marco Dorigo · Medical Entomology and Zoology · 1992 · 3.2K citations

Artificial Intelligence, Large-scale Global Optimization, Engineering +5

Approximation Algorithms for NP-Hard Problems

Dorit S. Hochba · ACM SIGACT News · 1997 · 3.1K citations · Full text

Mathematical Programming, Engineering, Performance Guarantee +15