Turbulence Modulation in Gas‐Particle Flows: A Comparison of Selected Models

Abstract

Abstract The problem of turbulence modulation, the process whereby the gas‐phase turbulence is modified by the presence of particles, is investigated. Experimental trends are examined and parameters affecting turbulence modulation and the mechanisms by which turbulence modulation occurs are identified. A new model that accounts for the crossing trajectory effect through fluid velocity correlations is presented. This model and the turbulence modulation models of Chen and Wood (1985), Tu and Fletcher (1994), and Mostafa and Mongia (1988) are compared directly to determine inherent differences or similarities of the models. The models are also invoked to simulate a particle‐laden pipe flow and predictions are compared to the experimental results of Tsuji et al. (1984).