Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ranitidine after burn injury

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ranitidine were studied in 10 hypermetabolic burned patients with normal creatinine clearance and compared with healthy volunteers. Ranitidine was administered as a single 50 mg intravenous bolus and multiple blood samples were obtained up to 10 hours after the dose for determination of plasma ranitidine concentrations. Gastric pH in burned patients was monitored by way of a nasogastric tube. Burned patients exhibited significantly higher (p less than 0.01) ranitidine clearance (mean +/- SD; 10.80 +/- 2.38 versus 7.53 +/- 1.71 ml/min/kg) and steady-state distribution volume (1.63 +/- 0.13 versus 1.16 +/- 0.33 L/kg). Within an hour of administration of drug the gastric pH was greater than or equal to 4.0 in all but one patient. This pH was maintained for at least 6 hours. In five patients the pH was greater than or equal to 4.0 throughout the 10-hour study. Thus, despite increased ranitidine clearance, the recommended dose of ranitidine maintained gastric pH greater than or equal to 4.0 throughout the normal dosing interval in the majority of patients. Dosage adjustment reported for many other drugs after burn injury may not be necessary for ranitidine.