All-<i>Trans</i> Retinoic Acid and Interferon-α for Treatment of Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Multicellular Tumor Spheroids

Abstract

ATRA provides a slightly stronger direct antineoplastic effect on human renal cancer cells than 13-cRA, and acts synergistically with IFN-alpha. However, ATRA, if at all, does not seem to be more suitable for treatment of patients with MRCC than 13-cRA.