Cardiac masses: Signal intensity features on spin‐echo, gradient‐echo, gadolinium‐enhanced spin‐echo, and TurboFLASH images

Abstract

Fifteen patients with cardiac or paracardiac masses underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with spin-echo (n = 15), cine gradient-echo (n = 15), gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced spin-echo (n = 15), and TurboFLASH (fast low-angle shot) (n = 7) sequences. All masses had either histologic confirmation (n = 11) or confirmation with other imaging modalities (n = 4). Myxomas (n = 6) were characterized by an intermediate signal intensity (SI) on spin-echo (n = 6) and low SI on cine gradient-echo (n = 6) images and moderately high-SI contrast enhancement (n = 5). Percent contrast enhancement for myxomas was 57% +/- 11%. Thrombus (n = 4) had intermediate (n = 3) or high (n = 1) SI on spin-echo images and low (n = 2) or intermediate (n = 2) SI on gradient-echo images and did not show substantial contrast enhancement. Postcontrast first-pass TurboFLASH images were useful by clearly demonstrating the nonenhancing mass lesion in a high-SI blood pool. Other cardiac and paracardiac tumors (n = 5) showed variable pre- and postcontrast spin-echo SI; however, no other tumor showed low SI on cine gradient-echo images.