High-yield synthesis and one-dimensional structure of C60 encapsulated in single-wall carbon nanotubes

Abstract

A supramolecular assembly comprising C60 molecules inside single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)–C60@SWNT was synthesized in abundance by a vapor phase method, whereby vaporized C60 molecules permeate the interiors of the nanotube and self-assemble into van der Waals interacting chains. Yields were studied as a function of the various synthesis parameters using a calibrated weight uptake technique. For isochronal experiments, the most important parameters effecting yield under the tested conditions were SWNT purity and annealing temperature. Yields of ∼90% have been achieved and confirmed with direct observation by transmission electron microscopy. Agreement between simulated and empirical selected-area diffraction patterns indicates that the endohedral, one-dimensional C60 lattice is simple, with a lattice parameter of 1.00 nm.