A global approach for the classification of bearing faults conditions using spectral features

Abstract

Usually, bearing faults are diagnosed by the search of bearing characteristic frequencies in the spectrum of current or vibration signals. This local approach, even efficient, has the drawback of requiring the a prior knowledge of these frequencies. Moreover, characteristic bearing frequencies are only a part of the global spectral signature induced by natural bearing damages. In real situations, a fault on a particular bearing element may not produce the corresponding characteristic frequency. Several multiple harmonics of this frequency and sidebands related to their modulations by rotational frequencies can be quite dominant. An effective diagnosis should rather consider the global fault signature. Based on the fact that the global information encoded in the frequency domain is usually descriptive enough to diagnose and classify bearing faults, the present work proposes a classification scheme for bearing conditions which does not require the characteristic frequencies to be known or estimated. The method combines the envelope analysis, the sliding Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The application on experimental data shows that bearing faults can be diagnosed and classified accurately and without overlapping, irrespective of the system operating point. The extracted spectral features are informative enough to discriminate between different conditions of bearing.