Speciation of tin in natural waters using coupled high-performance liquid chromatography-flame atomic-absorption spectrometry

Abstract

A simple yet effective high-performance liquid chromatography-flame atomic-absorption spectrometry coupling utilising pulse nebulisation and a slotted tube atom trap is described for the speciation of tin in natural waters. The effects of the various parameters on analytical performance are discussed. A detection limit of 200 ng for tin was obtained and the separation of Sn(II), Sn(IV) and tributyltin was possible within 8 min. Tributyltin compounds have been quantified in local harbour waters, and in one harbour situation were observed at levels up to 0.47 µg l–1.