Extractable Organohalogens (EOX) in Sediment and Biota Collected at an Estuarine Marsh near a Former Chloralkali Facility

Abstract

Extractable, organically bound chlorine (EOCl), which is determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA), has been used as a measure of pollution by chlorinated organics. In this study, the concentrations and distribution of extractable organohalogens (EOX = EOCl + EOBr + EOI) were measured in sediment, blue crab, fishes, birds, and terrapin collected at an estuarine marsh and a nearby creek contaminated by the disposal of wastes from a former chlor-alkali facility. The concentrations of the organohalogens were in the order of EOCl ≫ EOBr > EOI. The sediment EOCl concentration was comparable to those reported for sediments at sites that have been contaminated by the disposal of bleached kraft pulp mill effluents. The concentrations of EOCl measured in the tissues of blue crab, fishes, and birds were higher than any values previously reported. The absolute concentrations of EOCl coupled with its elevated proportions relative to the concentrations of EOBr or EOI in biota suggest that wastes from the chloralkali processes are a potential source of chlorinated organics present in the environment. The relative proportion of known [such as, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and organochlorine pesticides] to unknown organochlorines in sediment, blue crab, fishes, birds, and terrapin was, on average, 48, 35, 5−25, 1−14, and 4.2%, respectively, which suggested that a major portion of the EOCl measured in biota remained uncharacterized. By assuming that the identities of unknown organochlorines in sediment and biota were similar, the estimated biota−sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) for the unknown EOCl fraction suggested that the components of this fraction have a tendency to bioaccumulate in the food chain.