Elimination of neglected diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean: A mapping of selected diseases

Abstract

Background: In Latin America and the Caribbean, around 195 million people live in poverty, a situation that increases the burden of some infectious diseases. Neglected diseases, in particular, are often restricted to poor, marginalized sections of the population. Most cause chronic conditions, which in turn reduce learning capabilities, productivity and income earning capacity. Cost-effective tools exist to combat these diseases, making it imperative to work towards their elimination. In 2009, the Pan American Health Organization received a mandate to support the countries in the Region in eliminating neglected diseases and other povertyrelated infections. Methods: This study analyzed and determined which countries in the Region exhibit evidence of selected poverty-related diseases, determine areas where particular diseases coexist, and detect “hotspots” where countries can implement interprogrammatic and intersectoral approaches. Five diseases with available information were analyzed using geoprocessing techniques at the first subnational level (states), identifying the presence and overlap of these diseases. Results: In the Region, there are approximately 570 states. Lymphatic filariasis is present in four countries (29 states), onchocerciasis in six countries (25 states), schistosomiasis in four countries (39 states), trachoma in three countries (29 states), and human rabies transmitted by dogs in ten countries (20 states). The information indicates that 102 of the 570 states have one or more of the selected neglected diseases, thus they may be considered “hotspots” in the Region. 33 states present two of the diseases, 2 states present three of the diseases, and only one state has evidence of four of the selected neglected diseases, classifying these areas as the major “hotspots.” Conclusion: The analysis suggests a majority of the selected diseases are not widespread and can be considered part of an unfinished agenda with the elimination of neglected diseases as its goal. Integrated plans and a comprehensive approach, ensuring access to existing diagnostic and treatment tools, and establishing a multi-sectoral agenda that addresses social determinants of disease, are required. More specific baselines are needed for most of the diseases included in the study and criteria to measure the presence of some diseases need to be reviewed. Future studies can include additional diseases, socioeconomic and environmental variables. Abstracts for SupplementInternational Journal of Infectious DiseasesVol. 14Preview Full-Text PDF Open Archive