Composite pulses in NMR as nonadiabatic geometric quantum gates

Abstract

We show that some composite pulses widely employed in NMR experiments are regarded as nonadiabatic geometric quantum gates with Aharanov-Anandan phases. Thus, we reveal the presence of a fundamental issue on quantum mechanics behind a traditional technique. To examine the robustness of such composite pulses against fluctuations, we present a simple noise model in a two-level system. Then, we find that the composite pulses possesses purely geometrical nature even under a certain type of fluctuations.