Social movement studies · 2012 · 205 citations · 4 references
Social SciencesCommunicationSociologyMedia StudiesMedia TheorySocial MovementsActivismMobilization ProcessesProtest MovementsProtest ParticipationSocial MediaSocial Movement TheoryDigital ActivismLocal Protest MovementsMedia Performance Of ProtestMobilization Through Social MediaMovement CultureOccupy-style Protest MovementsSemi-structured InterviewsSocial Media Platforms
Scholars and activists debate how social media influences social movement activity in the current global protest cycle. The study examines Occupy’s media practices, proposing a framework of social movement media cultures and exploring platform use, practitioner roles, and openness versus top‑down dynamics. The authors use mixed methods—interviews, observation, visual analysis, hackathon participation, a survey of ~1,200 Occupy sites, and a 13‑million‑tweet dataset—to analyze Occupy’s media culture. The results provide insights valuable to scholars and movement participants.
Scholars and activists have hotly debated the relationship between social media and social movement activity during the current global cycle of protest. This article investigates media practices in the Occupy movement and develops the concept of social movement media cultures: the set of tools, skills, social practices and norms that movement participants deploy to create, circulate, curate and amplify movement media across all available platforms. The article posits three key areas of inquiry into social movement media cultures, and explores them through the lens of the Occupy movement: (1) What media platforms, tools and skills are used most widely by movement participants? (Practices); (2) What role do experienced practitioners play in movement media practices? (Expertise); and (3) In what ways does the movement media culture lean toward open or participatory, and in what ways toward closed or top–down? (Open/Closed). Insight into the media culture of the Occupy movement is based on mixed qualitative and quantitative methods, including semi-structured interviews, participant observation, visual research and participation in Occupy Hackathons, as well as the Occupy Research General Demographic and Political Participation Survey, a database of approximately 1200 local Occupy sites, and a dataset of more than 13 million Occupy-related tweets. The findings will be of interest to both scholars and movement participants.
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