Transorbital endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid leaks

Abstract

The use of TONES to repair ACF CSF leaks was demonstrated to be technically feasible in cadaver and clinical studies. The SLC approach was optimal for supraorbital ACF leaks; the PC approach was preferable for interorbital ACF pathology. TONES was shown to be highly effective for treating complex pathology that was refractory to correction through frontal craniotomy and /or transnasal endoscopy, providing safe, minimally disruptive direct coplanar routes for target approach and manipulation.