Economic and technical management of an aggregation agent for electric vehicles: a literature survey

TLDR

The growing adoption of electric vehicles has prompted discussion of aggregation agents that act as commercial intermediaries between system operators and plug‑in EVs, providing ancillary services and participating in electricity markets. This paper surveys the literature on the role of electric‑vehicle aggregation agents in power system operation and electricity markets. The survey reviews 59 post‑1994 references, grouped into categories such as market and economic issues, agent concepts and business models, and load/resource management algorithms. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract

SUMMARY The foreseeable increase in the use of electric vehicles (EV) led to the discussion on intermediate entities that could help manage a great number of EV. An aggregation agent for electric vehicles is a commercial middleman between a system operator (SO) and plug‐in EV. From the SO perspective, the aggregator is seen as a large source of generation or load, which could provide ancillary services such as spinning and regulating reserve. Generally, these services will be provided in the day‐ahead and intraday electricity markets. In addition, the aggregator also participates in the electricity market with supply and demand energy bids. This paper provides a comprehensive bibliographic survey on the aggregator role in the power system operation and electricity market. The scope of the survey covers 59 references divided in journal, conference proceedings, thesis, research papers, and technical reports published after 1994. These papers are put into several technical categories: electricity market and EV technical and economic issues; aggregation agent concept, role and business model; algorithms for EV management as a load/resource. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.