Energy Requirements of Carbon Nanoparticle Production

TLDR

Critical energy and production issues are identified, and potential improvements in industrial‑scale processes are discussed. The study aims to generate data for strategic forward‑looking assessments of the environmental implications of carbon nanoparticles, balancing generality with process detail, and to discuss possible interactions with industrial ecosystems to integrate synthesis and mitigate large‑scale impacts. Energy requirements for fullerene and nanotube synthesis are calculated from literature data for processes such as fluidized bed, floating catalyst CVD, carbon monoxide disproportionation, pyrolysis, laser ablation, electric arc, and solar furnace synthesis. Carbon nanoparticles are highly energy‑intensive, requiring 2 to 100 times more energy than aluminum even under idealized production models.

Abstract

Summary Energy requirements for fullerene and nanotube synthesis are calculated from literature data and presented for a number of important production processes, including fluidized bed and floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (CVD), carbon monoxide disproportionation, pyrolysis, laser ablation, and electric arc and solar furnace synthesis. To produce data for strategic forward‐looking assessments of the environmental implications of carbon nanoparticles, an attempt is made to balance generality with sufficient detail for individual processes, a trade‐off that will likely be inherent in the analysis of many nanotechnologies. Critical energy and production issues are identified, and potential improvements in industrial‐scale processes are discussed. Possible interactions with industrial ecosystems are discussed with a view toward integrating synthesis to mitigate the impacts of large‐scale carbon nanoparticle manufacture. Carbon nanoparticles are found to be highly energy‐intensive materials, on the order of 2 to 100 times more energy‐intensive than aluminum, even with idealized production models.