A novel heuristic optimization method: charged system search

Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning

Choice Reviews Online · 1989 · 49.3K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Algorithms +14

Optimization by Simulated Annealing

Scott Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, M.P. Vecchi · Science · 1983 · 44.6K citations

Natural Sciences, Mathematics, Algorithms +10

A new optimizer using particle swarm theory

R.C. Eberhart, James Kennedy · 2002 · 14.9K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence +12

Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents

Marco Dorigo, Vittorio Maniezzo, A. Colorni · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics) · 1996 · 11.9K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Algorithms +16

GSA: A Gravitational Search Algorithm

Esmat Rashedi, Hossein Nezamabadi–pour, Saeı̈d Saryazdi · Information Sciences · 2009 · 7.3K citations

Computing, Computer Science, Algorithms +5