Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography for inferior vena caval tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma

Abstract

Intraoperative real-time TEE monitoring is a safe, minimally invasive technique that can provide accurate information regarding the presence and extent of IVC involvement, guidance for placement of a vena caval clamp, confirmation of complete removal of the IVC thrombus and intervention using catheters to assist in thrombectomy.