Excitation Functions for Proton-Induced Reactions with Copper

Abstract

Proton bombardment at energies up to 100 Mev have been carried out in the Harvard University cyclotron using targets of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$O and ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}$O. Absolute cross sections of the ($p, n$), ($p, 2n$), ($p, \mathrm{pn}$), and ($p, p2n$) reactions of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{63}$ and the ($p, 3n$), ($p, 4n$), ($p, \mathrm{pn}$), ($p, p3n$), and ($p, p4n$) reactions of ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}$ have been determined using the ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}(p, pn){\mathrm{C}}^{11}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}^{27}(p, 3pn){\mathrm{Na}}^{24}$ reactions to monitor the proton beam. An estimate of the ratio of level densities for odd-odd and even-even nuclei is made.