Science · 2003 · 961 citations · 0 references
Social SciencesEnvironmental PolicyResource EconomicsEnergy EconomicsEnvironmental EconomicsSustainable DevelopmentEnergy ConversionEnergy SecurityEnergy SustainabilityLow-carbon Energy TransitionRenewable EnergySustainable Energy SystemsAlternative FuelsEconomic Limits To ExtractionEnergy System DevelopmentProductive Use Of EnergySustainable Energy Transitions
In order to address the economic and environmental consequences of our global energy system, we consider the availability and consumption of energy resources. Problems arise from our dependence on combustible fuels, the environmental risks associated with their extraction, and the environmental damage caused by their emissions. Yet no primary energy source, be it renewable or nonrenewable, is free of environmental or economic limitations. As developed and developing economies continue to grow, conversion to and adoption of environmentally benign energy technology will depend on political and economic realities.