Planning for Early Emergence in Neurosurgical Patients: A Randomized Prospective Trial of Low-Dose Anesthetics

Abstract

Pain during surgical closure may be an important cause of sympathetic stimulation leading to emergence hypertension. The use of low-doses of fentanyl during craniotomy closure is more advantageous than propofol or isoflurane for early emergence in neurosurgical patients and is the most effective technique for preventing early postoperative hypertension.